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FOLK PERFORMING ART FORMS OF
ANDHRA PRADESH
Bommala Koluvu:
It is the artistic display of toys and dolls by the
women during the Dussehra festival.
Buda Budakkala:
It is a term given to the singing minstrels who go about
from place to place after the break of dawn to awaken
the people with a special prayer to goddess "Amba"
followed by an invocation to the village deities.This is
particularly common in the remote villages of Srikakulam,
East Godavari, Guntur, Prakasam and Nalgonda districts.
The buda budakkala minstrels are usually men and can be
seen in the rustic villages singing, foretelling and
getting alms in return. Popularly known as Ramjogis,
Saayila vallu, Buda Budakkala vallu, their presence is a
must in the villages during the harvest festival of
Sankranti. The buda budakkala minstrel finds a mention
in many of the Telugu literary texts. His style of
dressing has also been vividly described in Ayyalaraju
Narayanamatya's "Hamsa Vimsati".
Gangireddu Aata:
It is the name given to the "the bull play", a very
popular form in Andhra Pradesh, especially seen during
Sankranti and Dussehra festivals, where bulls are
trained to dance or perform acrobatics to entertain the
crowd. The bull master, belonging to the Yadava
community, accompanies the bull playing the nadaswaram
and the dhol. The Gangireddu Aata is perhaps one of the
very few rural entertainments that have survived through
times.
Haridaasu:
Haridaasu or Daasarlu is a form of devotional singing
dedicated to Lord Vishnu, which is noticed more often
during the Sankranti.The traditional haridaasu with his
characteristic tambura in one hand and a chiratala in
the other and a copper vessel on the head goes round the
village singing devotional songs in praise of the Lord
and seeks alms from every house. He renders popular
devotional songs written by saint-poets like Bhadrachala
Ramdas, Paramkusadas, Venkatadas and Hanumaddas. Since
the haridaasus use any one of the varied musical
instruments prevalent in Andhra Pradesh, there emerged
different types of haridaasus like tambura haridaasu,
ganta haridaasu, chiratala haridaasu and komma haridaasu.
Over the years, people of different faiths and
communities joined this group of haridaasus and there
evolved various classes of these devotee minstrels like
golla haridaasu, mala haridaasu and balije haridaasu.
Karra Saamu:
It is the stick fight performed during village festivals
and marriage processions by the men folk mainly in the
villages of Guntur, Krishna, East and West Godavari
districts. The performers use musical instruments like
the dappu, "bigli" (whistle) and "taasha" which produces
fierce inspiring noise. Sometimes the Karra Saamu
experts fight with sticks that have flames burning at
one end.
Oggu Katha:
This is a form of devotional singing practised by the
Kumaras, a sub-sect of the Yadavas, in praise of Lord
Shiva. Oggu Katha got its name from the invoking
instrument, the "oggu".In this, the traditional priests
called oggus perform the marriage of Mallanna (family
God) with Bhramarambha (deity) and narrate stories in
their praise. The Oggu Katha team consists of 4 to 6
members with a chief narrator and instrumentalists. Oggu
Katha is popular in the ballad tradition of Andhra
Pradesh, especially in Telangana, because of the
dramatization of its narration.
Sodi:
It is the practice of fortune telling by women, which is
prevalent in the Rayalseema regions. The sodis are both
Vaishanavas (followers of Vishnu) and Saivas (followers
of Shiva). They are usually nomadic, wandering from one
village to the other. They announce their presence in
the villages by shouting.
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FOLK PERFORMING ART
FORMS OF TAMILNADU
Silambattam:
Silambattam is a very old martial art of Tamil Nadu
which is mainly practised by men folk for their
self-defense from enemies and wild animals. The word
Silambattam comes from Silambam staves that were used in
warfare by ancient Tamil Kings. The Thandu Padai who
were the soldiers of foot regiments armed themselves
with Silambam staves. Novices started learned the use of
Silambam staves before they graduated to handling other
weapons. The Silambam staves are short sticks made of
extremely hard wood that can endure blows from swords.
In addition to these staves, the performers use swords
and deer horns.
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FOLK PERFORMING ART FORMS OF KERALA
Chakyarkoothu or Koothu:
It is one of the oldest classical theatre arts of
Kerala.
Kaalavela:
It is a spectacular procession of huge, gaudily
decorated motifs of bulls.
Kakkarissi Natakam:
It is a folk dramatic form.
Kalampattu or Kalamezhuthu pattu:
It is performed by 5-15 people in Bhadrakali and Ayyappa
temples.
Kalarippayattu:
Kalarippayattu, the martial art form of Kerala, is a
symbol of courage, valour and pride. Men have always
been in the forefront of Kalarippayattu from time
immemorial with the exception of Unniyarcha and in the
recent times Hemalatha, who is regarded as the 'Queen of
Kalaripayattu'.
Kaliyoottu:
It is an eight-day long colourful folk ritual which
re-enacts the combat between goddess Durga and the demon
Darika.
Kanniyarkali or Deshathukali:
It is a ritual art and a swift dance form.
Kettukazhcha:
It is a spectacular pageant of colourfully decorated
effigies of gods and goddesses.
Mayilnritham or Mayilattom:
It is a ritual art performed by artistes in peacock
costume in Subramanya Temples in South
Kerala.Padayani:
It is a colourful ritual art which is symbolic of the
victory march of goddess Kali after she defeated the
demon Darika.
Patakam:
It is a kind of dance-drama.
Poothamkali or Pootham:
It is a folk art more commonly performed in the
Bhagavathy temples of Malappuram.
Thattumelkoothu:
It is a devotional folk art form.Velakali: It is a
martial folk art form.
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